Prof. Eghosa Osaghae, Director-General of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA), has raised concerns over the potential fragmentation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as more countries consider joining the Alliance of Sahel States (AES).
Speaking during a strategic roundtable in Lagos themed “Evolving Developments in ECOWAS and the Sahel” and organized by the NIIA, Osaghae emphasized the strategic importance of ECOWAS to West Africa’s stability and integration.
He highlighted the pivotal roles of Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali, noting that despite ECOWAS’s efforts to maintain their membership, the three nations formed the AES. He also expressed alarm over speculations that Togo, one of ECOWAS’s founding members, might align with the AES.
“Togo, alongside Nigeria, symbolizes the foundation and ideals of ECOWAS. If Togo considers leaving, it is a serious signal that requires immediate attention,” Osaghae stated.
Prof. Femi Otubanjo, Senior Research Professor at NIIA, described recent coups in Niger and other Sahel countries as exacerbating ECOWAS’s difficulties. He questioned whether these developments could signal the disintegration of the regional body.
“ECOWAS must prioritize diplomatic engagements with Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali, focusing on restoring democratic governance and regional unity,” Otubanjo advised, noting that ECOWAS’s mandate remains an ongoing challenge, not a failure.
Similarly, Prof. Anthony Kila, Director of the Commonwealth Institute of Advanced and Professional Studies, criticized ECOWAS for lacking tangible benefits for member states, leading to diminished loyalty. “Countries are leaving because they see no clear economic or strategic advantages in remaining within ECOWAS,” Kila said.
Prof. Joshua Bolarinwa, NIIA’s Director of Research, acknowledged ECOWAS’s achievements in economic integration, conflict management, and democratic governance but lamented its struggle with implementation.
“While ECOWAS has established frameworks to prevent unconstitutional governance and foster peace, these efforts remain largely ineffective, leading to democratic backsliding and instability,” Bolarinwa explained.
He urged ECOWAS to strengthen its influence, enhance regional integration, and increase engagement with member states considering alternative alliances.
Participants at the roundtable called for a reassessment of ECOWAS’s strategies, emphasizing the need for direct benefits to member states and citizens. They stressed that a revitalized ECOWAS must address underlying issues of governance, trade, and stability to remain relevant in an evolving West African landscape.
